Season of Influenza 

By Dr Soo

Influenza, or “the flu” as most of us know it, is not just a simple cold. Every year, outbreaks of influenza affect communities across Malaysia — and currently, we’re seeing a noticeable rise in Influenza A cases, particularly in the Klang Valley.

While influenza can affect anyone, young children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic medical conditions are especially vulnerable. For children, in particular, the flu can spread rapidly in schools, daycare centers, and playgrounds, leading to high fever, discomfort, and sometimes even serious complications.

Let’s take a closer look at what influenza is, how to recognize it early in children, and the best ways to protect your family.

What Exactly Is Influenza A?

Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses — mainly Types A and B. Among these, Influenza A tends to cause more widespread and severe outbreaks because it mutates easily and can spread quickly through droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

It’s important to note that influenza is not the same as the common cold. While both can cause fever and cough, influenza often comes on suddenly and causes more intense symptoms that can make a child feel miserable for several days.

Common Symptoms of Influenza in Children

Symptoms usually appear one to four days after exposure to the virus. Not every child will experience all the symptoms, but here are the common signs parents should look out for:

1. High fever (often above 38.5°C) – One of the first signs and usually quite abrupt in onset.

2. Chills and body aches – Your child may feel weak, tired, or complain of muscle pain.

3. Cough – Typically dry and persistent.

4. Sore throat and runny or stuffy nose – Often develops along with the fever.

5. Headache – Sometimes severe enough to make the child restless or irritable.

6. Loss of appetite and vomiting – Some children, especially younger ones, may vomit or have stomach pain.

7. Extreme tiredness (fatigue) – Children may prefer to lie down all day or sleep more than usual.

In infants and toddlers, symptoms may be less specific. They might just seem unusually fussy, refuse feeding, or appear very sleepy.

When Should Parents Be Concerned?

While most healthy children recover within five to seven days, influenza can sometimes lead to complications, especially if left untreated or if the child has underlying medical conditions.

You should seek immediate medical attention if your child shows any of the following warning signs:

• Breathing difficulties (fast, labored, or noisy breathing)

• Persistent vomiting or inability to drink fluids

• Lethargy, unresponsiveness, or seizures

• Bluish lips or fingertips (a sign of low oxygen levels)

• Symptoms that improve but then return with a higher fever or worsening cough — this may indicate a secondary infection like pneumonia

Young children, especially under 5 years old, and those with asthma, heart disease, or weakened immune systems are at greater risk of severe illness.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If influenza is suspected, your doctor may recommend a rapid influenza test using a nasal or throat swab. This helps confirm whether your child has influenza A or B, allowing timely treatment.

Once diagnosed, your child’s doctor may prescribe antiviral medication such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu). This medication works best when started within 48 hours of symptom onset, as it helps shorten the duration and reduce complications.

Other important supportive measures include:

• Plenty of rest and hydration: Offer small sips of water, soup, or electrolyte drinks.

• Fever management: Use fever medicine such as paracetamol or ibuprofen as prescribed. Avoid aspirin in children.

• Monitor breathing and comfort: Keep the room well-ventilated and use a humidifier if necessary.

• Nutrition: Encourage light, nutritious foods once appetite returns.

Remember: antibiotics are not effective against influenza, as it is caused by a virus, not bacteria. They are only prescribed if there is a bacterial infection alongside the flu.

How Can We Reduce the Risk of Infection?

Prevention truly is better than a cure. Here are key strategies to help protect your child and your family.

1. Annual Influenza Vaccination

The flu vaccine is your best defense against infection. It’s recommended for everyone above 6 months of age, especially children, pregnant women, and the elderly. The vaccine is updated yearly to match the circulating strains, so it’s important to get it every year, ideally before the flu season peaks. While vaccination may not guarantee complete protection, it significantly reduces the severity and duration of illness if infection occurs.

2. Good Hygiene Habits

Teach your child simple habits that make a big difference: wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds; cover mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing; and avoid touching the eyes, nose, and mouth unnecessarily.

3. Avoid Close Contact with Sick Individuals

Flu spreads easily through droplets, so keep your child away from others who are unwell. If your child is sick, keep them at home until fully recovered to prevent spreading the virus to others.

4. Boost the Immune System Naturally

Encourage a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Adequate sleep, regular physical activity, and proper hydration also help strengthen the immune system.

5. Keep the Environment Clean

Disinfect commonly touched surfaces such as doorknobs, toys, and tablet screens — especially during flu season.

Final Thoughts

The rising cases of Influenza A serve as a reminder that even a seemingly “common” illness can become serious if not managed properly. As parents, being alert to the symptoms and acting early makes a huge difference in your child’s recovery.

Remember:
“Flu prevention begins at home — with vaccination, good hygiene, and early medical attention when needed.”

If your child shows symptoms suggestive of influenza or has been in contact with someone diagnosed with it, don’t hesitate to bring them in for a proper assessment. Early intervention not only helps your child recover faster but also prevents the spread of infection within your family and community.

Let’s protect our loved ones — because prevention is always better than a cure.

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