Meningococcal Vaccine

Meningococcal Vaccine – cannot be overstated in our efforts to protect against serious infectious diseases. Meningococcal disease, though rare, poses a significant threat as it can rapidly cause life-threatening conditions such as meningitis and sepsis. The sudden onset and rapid progression of this disease make it especially dangerous, particularly for children and adolescents. By understanding the critical role of the Meningococcal vaccine, we can take proactive steps to safeguard our children’s health and prevent the devastating consequences of this infection. 

What is meningococcal disease?

Meningococcal disease refers to any illness caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, commonly known as meningococcus. Although it’s relatively uncommon, teens and young adults are at a heightened risk. The two most prevalent types of meningococcal infections are:

1. Infections of the brain and spinal cord lining (meningitis)
2. Infections of the bloodstream

How do you get meningococcal disease? 

Meningococcal bacteria spread through saliva or spit, people could get it from:

1. Close contact is when a person who has the bacteria in their nose or throat coughs, sneezes, or kisses someone.
2. Ongoing contact, living with a person who has bacteria in their nose or throat. 
3. Crowded environments like schools, military barracks, or malls increase the risk of transmission.

Who needs the meningococcal vaccine?

The Australian Immunization Handbook recommends meningococcal vaccination for:

• Infants, children, adolescents, and young adults
• Special risk groups, like people with specified medical conditions, laboratory workers who are often involved in Neisseria meningitidis, travelers, and young adults who live in close quarters or who are currently smokers.

According to the CDC, the Meningococcal vaccine is given in 2 doses, with the first dose given when your infant is as early as 6 weeks old (42 days). However, for non-vaccinated babies above 12 months old, only a single dose is recommended.  Recommended Doses:

1. First dose: 6 weeks old
2. Second dose:   after 2 months from the first dose

However, do consult with your child’s healthcare provider to discuss the best timing for the vaccine and to ensure it aligns with your child’s overall health plan.

Why should my child get a meningococcal vaccine?

Meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) vaccine protects against four types of Neisseria meningtidis bacteria (serogroups A, C, W, Y).
And Serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine protects against only one type of Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.

• Protects against the bacteria that cause meningococcal disease
• Protects from infections of the lining of the brain and spinal cord and also bloodstream infections
• Protects from long-term disabilities that often come with surviving meningococcal disease
• Protects herd immunity

 

Possible side effects of the shot

The meningococcal vaccine, like any vaccine, may cause some side effects. However, most side effects are mild and temporary. Here are some possible side effects:

Common side effects: 

• Redness, swelling, or soreness where the shot is given
• Muscle pain
• Headache
• Tiredness
• Mild fever or chills

These reaction usually get better on their own within 1-3 days. 

Less common side effects:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea

These reactions usually get better on their own within 3-5 days. It’s important to note that teens can receive both meningococcal vaccines during the same visit, but they should be administered in different arms.

Rare but serious side effects:

• Severe Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis): Although extremely rare, some people may have a severe allergic reaction to the vaccine. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, hives, and swelling of the face or throat. This typically occurs within minutes to hours after the vaccination and requires immediate medical attention.
• Febrile seizure – This type of seizure typically lasts one or two minutes. Although it can be alarming, it generally doesn’t cause lasting harm or long-term effects. It occurs when a child’s fever spikes rapidly.

Managing side effects of the shot

• Ensure your child drinks plenty of fluids.
• Avoid overdressing your child or baby if they feel warm.
• Apply a cool, damp cloth to the injection site to soothe any discomfort.
• While routine use of paracetamol after vaccination is not advised, it can be administered if fever or pain at the injection site occurs. Be sure to follow the recommended dosage on the label or consult with your pharmacist, especially when giving paracetamol to children.

The bottom line

In conclusion, while vaccines may have some side effects, the benefits far outweigh the risks. Vaccination is a vital tool in protecting children from potentially life-threatening diseases. Most side effects are minor and can be easily managed, with serious reactions being extremely rare. By staying informed and taking simple precautions, parents can ensure their children receive the life-saving protection that vaccines offer. Always consult with your healthcare provider to make the best choices for your child’s health.

 

References

CDC. (2019, November 12). Meningococcal | About the Disease | CDC. Www.cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/index.html

‌CDC. (2019, December 3). Meningococcal Vaccines for Preteens and Teens. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/mening.html#:~:text=Protects%20against%20the%20bacteria%20that

Health. (2024, July). Meningococcal vaccine. Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. https://www.health.gov.au/topics/immunisation/immunisation-services/meningococcal-immunisation-service

‌Immunisation – side effects – Better Health Channel. (n.d.). Www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/immunisation-side-effects#managing-common-side-effects

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